The first substantial argument that chaturanga is much older than this is the fact that the chariot is the most powerful piece on the board, although chariots appear to have been obsolete in warfare for at least five or six centuries. It has its origins in the Gupta Empire, with the earliest clear reference dating from the sixth century of the common era, and from north India. The origin of chaturanga has been a puzzle for centuries. The Sanskrit word chaturanga means "four-limbed" or "four arms", referring to ancient army divisions of infantry, cavalry, elephantry, and chariotry. In particular, there is uncertainty as to the moves of the gaja ( elephant). Chess historians suppose that the game had similar rules to those of its successor, shatranj. The exact rules of chaturanga are unknown. The Bhavishya Purana is known to include modern additions and interpolations, however, even mentioning British rule of India. According to Stewart Culin, chaturanga was first described in the Hindu text Bhavishya Purana. Archeological remains from 2000 to 3000 BC have been found from the city of Lothal (of the Indus Valley civilisation) of pieces on a board that resemble chess. It was adopted as chatrang ( shatranj) in Sassanid Persia, which in turn was the form of chess brought to late-medieval Europe. Ĭhaturanga is first known from India around the seventh century CE. While there is some uncertainty, the prevailing view among chess historians is that it is the common ancestor of the board games chess, xiangqi (Chinese), janggi (Korean), shogi (Japanese), sittuyin (Burmese), makruk (Thai), and modern Indian chess. (Sept.Chaturanga ( Sanskrit: चतुरङ्ग caturaṅga) is an ancient Indian strategy board game. "American Games: A Historical Perspective." Board Games Studies. "The Way to Play: The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Games of the World." Paddington Press Ltd. "New Rules for Classic Games." John Wiley & Sons, Inc. "The Oxford History of Board Games." Oxford University Press. "The New Complete Hoyle." Garden City Books. "Cool Things - Chinese Checkers Game." 2011. "Games of the World: How to Make Them, How to Play Them, How They Came to Be." Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. "Board and Table Games from Many Civilizations." Oxford University Press. "The Shortest Game of Chinese Checkers and Related Problems." Integers: Electronic Journal of Combinational Number Theory. Like the traditional game, you can string together as many hops as you like but you can't hop more than one piece at a time. For example, if there is one space between your piece and the one you'd like to jump, you can hop that piece and land in the second empty space after the jumped piece. In conventional Chinese checkers, you're only allowed to jump adjacent pieces, but in super Chinese checkers, you can jump more distant pieces as long as you land at a symmetrical distance on the other side. The difference is in how you're allowed to hop other pieces on the board. This version is similar in many ways to the traditional game: You set up the pieces in the same manner and attempt to move your pieces into the opposing base using a series of steps and hops. The first team to relocate all of their pieces into their opponent's home base is the winner.Īnother variation is known as "fast-paced" or "super" Chinese checkers. Like regular Chinese checkers, the goal is to move your pieces across the board and into the opposing base. Each player must choose a starting base opposite that of an opposing team member. This version of Chinese checkers can be played with four people paired in teams of two, or six people joined in teams of either two or three. If you're bored with the traditional rules of Chinese checkers, you'll be glad to know that there are variations to this classic game.
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